高中英语语法虚拟语气全总结
从句
主句
例句
与现在事实相反的假设
If+主语+助动词的过去式(ere,i,h)
主语+shoul/oul/coul/might+动词原形
IfIhtime,Ioulttenthemeeting.
IfIereyou,Ishoulseizetheopportunitytogobro.
与过去事实相反的假设
If+主语+h+过去分词
主语+shoul/oul/coul/might+hve+过去分词
Ifyouhtenmyvice,yououlnothvefileintheexm.
与将来事实相反的假设
①If+主语+动词过去式
②If+主语+ereto+动词原形
③If+主语+shoul+动词原形(注意不能是oul)
主语+shoul/oul/coul/might+动词原形
Ifyoucmetomorro,eoulhvethemeeting.
Ifiteretorintomorro,eoulputoffthesportsmeeting.
Ifheshoulnotcometomorro,eshoulputoffthemeetingtillnextMony.
①错综时间条件句:
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如:
Ifyouhfolloemyvicejustno,yououlbebetterno.
Ifyouhstuiehrbefore,yououlbecollegestuentno.
②if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if,把ere,h,shoul提到句首,变成倒装句式。如:
IfIeretschoolgin,Ioulstuyhrer.
→ereItschoolgin,Ioulstuyhrer.
如果我还有上学的机会,我会努力学习。
Ifyouhcomeerlier,yououlctchthebus.
→Hyoucomeerlier,yououlctchthebus.
如果你来得早点,你就能赶上共汽车。
Ifitshoulrintomorro,eoulnotgoclimbing.
→Shoulitrintomorro,eoulnotgoclimbing.
如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。
③用介词代替条件状语从句
常用的介词有ith,ithout,butfor。如:
htoulyouoithmillionollrs?(=ifyouhmillionollrs)
如果你有万元,你会做什么?
ecouln’thvefinishetheorheoftimeithoutyourhelp.(=ifehn’tgotyourhelp)
没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
ithoutyourhelp,ecouln’thvefinishetheorheoftime.
=Butforyourhelp,…
=Ifithnotbeenforyourhelp,…
=Hitnotbeenforyouhelp,…
没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
④含蓄条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如:
Isillthty.Otherise,Ioulhvetenprtinthesportsmeeting.(副词)
Hetelephonetoinformmeofyourbirthy,orIoulhvenonnothingboutit.(连词)
mnhostopperiningteroulbeeinboutsevenys.(定语从句)
Imighthvegivenyoumorehelp,butIstoobusy.(连词)
Everythingtenintoconsiertion,theyoulhverisetheiroutputquicly.(独立主格结构)
⑤evenif,eventhough也可用于虚拟语气,其形式与if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。
习题
.Ifmylyer___herelstStury,he___mefromgoing.
2.Ifit___forthesno,e___themountinyestery.
3.ithoutelectricity(电)humnlife___quiteifficulttoy.
.isB.illbeC.oulhvebeen.oulbe
4.Iin’tseeyoursistertthemeeting,ifshe___,sheoulhvemetmybrother.
.hscomeB.icomeC.cme.hcome
5.henthepencilisprtlyinglssofter,itloossifit___.
.bresB.hsbroenC.erebroen.hbeenbroen
6.Hehesitte(犹豫)formomentbeforeicing(踢)thebll.Otherisehe___gol.
.hscoreB.scoreC.oulscore.oulhvescore
7.___rightno,sheoulgetthereonSuny.
8.Hheorehrer,he___theexm.
9.Hemusthvehnccient,orhe___then.
.___formyillnessIoulhvelenthimhelpinghn.
.ein’tnohistelephonenumber,otherisee___him.
虚拟语气()复习题
.He___youmorehelp,eventhoughhesverybusy.
.mighthvegivenB.mightgiveC.myhvegiven.mygive
2.___foryourlziness(懒惰),youcoulhvefinishethessignment(任务)byno.
.HitnotbeenB.IterenotC.eren’tit.Hnotitbeen
3.IfIhn’tstoounertheler(梯子)toctchyouhenyoufell,you___no.
.ouln’tbesmilingB.couln’thvesmileC.on’tsmile.in’tsmile
4.Ifit___ProfessorJohnson’srecommention(推荐),Iouln’thvebeenmittetothegruteschool(研究生学院).
.erenotforB.hnotbeenforC.erenot.hitnotbeen
5.Ifeonotevelopneinofcr,irpollution___evenmorengerous.
.shoulhvebecomeB.illbecomeC.oulhvebecome.musthvebecome
6.Butforthestormyether,e___erlier.
.shoulrriveB.shllrriveC.shoulhverrive.shllhverrive
7.Ife___theirterms(条款,条件),eoulgobnrupt(破产).
.cceptB.shoulcceptC.hccepte.retoccept
8.Johnoulneverhvegonetothehospitl___thtTomoulbethere,too.